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Manuál Linux
[Linux manuál]

shmctl: ovládání sdílené paměti

Originální popis anglicky: shmctl - shared memory control

Návod, kniha: Linux Programmer's Manual

STRUČNĚ

#include <sys/ipc.h>
 
#include <sys/shm.h>
 
int shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);

POPIS / INSTRUKCE

shmctl() allows the user to receive information on a shared memory segment, set the owner, group, and permissions of a shared memory segment, or destroy a segment. The information about the segment identified by shmid is returned in a shmid_ds structure:

struct shmid_ds {
    struct ipc_perm shm_perm;  /* operation perms */
    int shm_segsz;             /* size of segment (bytes) */
    time_t shm_atime;          /* last attach time */
    time_t shm_dtime;          /* last detach time */
    time_t shm_ctime;          /* last change time */
    unsigned short shm_cpid;   /* pid of creator */
    unsigned short shm_lpid;   /* pid of last operator */
    short shm_nattch;          /* no. of current attaches */
    ...
};

The highlighted fields in the member shm_perm can be set:

struct ipc_perm {
    key_t  key;
     ushort uid;   /* owner euid and egid */
     ushort gid;
    ushort cuid;  /* creator euid and egid */
    ushort cgid;
     ushort mode;  /* lower 9 bits of access modes */
    ushort seq;   /* sequence number */
};

The following cmds are available:
 
IPC_STAT
is used to copy the information about the shared memory segment into the buffer buf. The user must have read access to the shared memory segment.
IPC_SET
is used to apply the changes the user has made to the uid, gid, or mode members of the shm_perms field. Only the lowest 9 bits of mode are used. The shm_ctime member is also updated. The user must be the owner or creator, or be privileged.
IPC_RMID
is used to mark the segment as destroyed. It will actually be destroyed after the last detach. (I.e., when the shm_nattch member of the associated structure shmid_ds is zero.) The user must be the owner or creator, or be privileged.
The user must ensure that a segment is eventually destroyed; otherwise its pages that were faulted in will remain in memory or swap.

Linux additions

A privileged user can prevent or allow swapping of a shared memory segment with the following cmds:
 
SHM_LOCK
prevents swapping of a shared memory segment. The user must fault in any pages that are required to be present after locking is enabled.
SHM_UNLOCK
allows the shared memory segment to be swapped out.
The IPC_INFO, SHM_STAT and SHM_INFO control calls are used by the ipcs(8) program to provide information on allocated resources.

NÁVRATOVÁ HODNOTA

On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

CHYBY / ERRORY

EACCES
IPC_STAT or SHM_STAT is requested and shm_perm.modes does not allow read access for shmid, and the calling process does not have the CAP_IPC_OWNER capability.
EFAULT
The argument cmd has value IPC_SET or IPC_STAT but the address pointed to by buf isn't accessible.
EIDRM
shmid points to a removed identifier.
EINVAL
shmid is not a valid identifier, or cmd is not a valid command.
EOVERFLOW
IPC_STAT is attempted, and the gid or uid value is too large to be stored in the structure pointed to by buf.
EPERM
IPC_SET or IPC_RMID is attempted, and the effective user ID of the calling process is not that of the creator (found in shm_perm.cuid), or the owner (found in shm_perm.uid), and the process was not privileged (Linux: did not have the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability).
 
Or, SHM_LOCK or SHM_UNLOCK was specified, but the process was not privileged (Linux: did not have the CAP_IPC_LOCK capability).

NOTE

Various fields in a struct shmid_ds were shorts under Linux 2.2 and have become longs under Linux 2.4. To take advantage of this, a recompilation under glibc-2.1.91 or later should suffice. (The kernel distinguishes old and new calls by an IPC_64 flag in cmd.)

ODPOVÍDAJÍCÍ

SVr4, SVID. SVr4 documents additional error conditions EINVAL, ENOENT, ENOSPC, ENOMEM, EEXIST. Neither SVr4 nor SVID documents an EIDRM error condition.

SOUVISEJÍCÍ

shmget(2), shmop(2), capabilities(7)
2004-06-17 Linux 2.6.7
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